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+\documentclass[12pt,a4paper,oneside,titlepage]{report}
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+\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+\usepackage{textcomp} % Sonderzeichen, z.B. €
+%\usepackage{citep}
+\usepackage{listings}
+\lstdefinelanguage{Ini}{basicstyle=\ttfamily\tiny,
+  columns=fullflexible,
+  tag=[s]{[]},
+  tagstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries,
+  usekeywordsintag=true
+}[html]
+\lstdefinelanguage{bash}{basicstyle=\ttfamily\tiny}
+\usepackage{ulem}
+\usepackage{lmodern}
+\usepackage{multirow}
+\usepackage{url}
+\usepackage{graphicx} % for PDF scaling
+\usepackage{pdfpages}
+\usepackage{float}
+\floatstyle{boxed}
+\restylefloat{figure}
+\usepackage{color}
+\usepackage{bbding}
+\usepackage{hyperref}
+\usepackage[font=scriptsize]{caption}
+\usepackage[numbers]{natbib}
+\graphicspath{{images//}}
+
+\begin{document}
+  \title{Master Thesis: SoundScape Renderer Networking}
+  \author{David Runge\\
+    Audiokommunikation und -technologie\\
+    Fachgebiet Audiokommunikation\\
+    Technische Universität Berlin\\
+    \href{dave@sleepmap.de}{dave@sleepmap.de}
+  }
+  \date{\today}
+  \maketitle
+  \begin{abstract}
+    Wave Field Synthesis (WFS) as a technological concept has been around for
+    many years now and all over the world several institutions run small and
+    some even large scale setups ranging from single speaker lines to those
+    facilitating a couple of hundred loudspeakers respectively.\\ 
+    The still evolving implementations are driven by several rendering
+    engines, of which two free and open-source ones, namely sWONDER and
+    SoundScape Renderer, have (partially) been developed at TU Berlin.\\
+    The latter due to its current design is not yet able to render for large
+    scale setups, ie.\ those using several computers to render audio on a
+    loudspeaker setup, due to the high amount of channels.\\
+    Its solid codebase however, which additionally offers a framework for many
+    more renderering types, and the ongoing development, deems further work on
+    this application a good future investment.\\ 
+    This work is about the extension of the SoundScape Renderer's functionality
+    to turn it into a networking application for large scale WFS setups.
+\end{abstract}
+  \section{Introduction}
+    Wave Field Synthesis (WFS) describes a spatial technique for rendering audio. As
+    such it aims at synthesizing a sound field of desired acoustic preference
+    in a given listening area, assuming a planar reproduction to be most
+    suitable for most applications.\\
+    WFS is typically implemented using a curved or linear loudspeaker array
+    surrounding the listening area.\\
+    Several free and open-source renderer applications exist for WFS
+    environments, with varying stages of feature richness.\\
+    The proposed work will focus on one of them and its extension towards WFS
+    on large scale systems.
+
+  \section{Free and open-source wave field synthesis renderers}
+    To date there exist three (known of) free and open-source Wave Field
+    Synthesis renderers, which are all \href{http://jackaudio.org/}{JACK Audio
+    Connection Kit (JACK)} \citep{website:jackaudio2016} clients: 
+    \begin{itemize}
+      \item \href{https://sourceforge.net/projects/swonder/}{sWONDER} \citep{website:swonder2016},
+      developed by Technische Universität Berlin, Germany 
+      \item \href{https://github.com/GameOfLife/WFSCollider}{WFSCollider} \citep{website:wfscollider2016},
+        developed by \href{http://gameoflife.nl/en}{Game Of Life Foundation} \citep{website:gameoflife2016},
+        The Hague, Netherlands
+      \item \href{http://spatialaudio.net/ssr/}{SoundScape Renderer (SSR)} \citep{website:ssr2016},
+        developed by Quality \& Usability Lab, Deutsche Telekom Laboratories
+        and TU Berlin and Institut für Nachrichtentechnik, Universität Rostock 
+    \end{itemize}
+    Currently only WFSCollider and the SSR are actively maintained and
+    developed, thussWONDER, although used in some setups, loses significance.
+    Generally it can be said, that different concepts apply to the three
+    renderers, which are about to be explained briefly in the following
+    sections.
+
+    \subsection{WONDER}
+      sWONDER \citep{baalman2007} consists of a set of C++ applications that provide binaural and
+      WFS rendering. In 2007 it was specifically redesigned
+      \citep{baalmanetal2007} to cope with large scale WFS setups in which
+      several (computer) nodes, providing several speakers each, drive a system
+      together.\\
+      In these setups each node receives all available audio streams (which
+      represent one virtual audio source respectively) redundantly and a master
+      application signals which node is responsible for rendering what source
+      on which speaker.\\
+      It uses Open Sound Control (OSC) for messaging between its parts and for
+      setting its controls. Apart from that, it can be controlled through a
+      Graphical User Interface (GUI), that was specifically designed for it.
+      Unfortunately sWONDER has not been actively maintained for several years,
+      has a complex setup chain and many bugs, that are not likely to get fixed
+      any time soon.
+
+    \subsection{WFSCollider}
+      WFSCollider was built on top of
+      \href{https://supercollider.github.io}{SuperCollider} 3.5
+      \citep{website:supercollider2016} and is also capable of driving large
+      scale systems. It uses a different approach in
+      doing so, though: Whereas withsWONDER all audio streams are distributed
+      to each node, WFSCollider usually uses the audio files to be played on
+      all machines simultaneously and synchronizes between them.\\
+      It has a feature-rich GUI in the ``many window'' style, making available
+      time lines and movement of sources through facilitating what the sclang
+      (SuperCollider programming language) has to offer.\\
+      As WFSCollider basically is SuperCollider plus extra features, it is also
+      an OSC enabled application and can thus also be used for mere
+      multi-channel playback of audio.\\
+      Although it has many useful features, it requires MacOSX (Linux version
+      still untested) to run, is built upon a quite old version of
+      \href{https://supercollider.github.io}{SuperCollider} and is likely never
+      to be merged into it, due to many core changes to it.
+
+    \subsection{SoundScape Renderer}
+      SoundScape Renderer (SSR), also a C++ application, running on Linux and
+      MacOSX, is a multi-purpose spatial audio renderer, as it is not only
+      capable of Binaural Synthesis and WFS, but also Higher-Order Ambisonics
+      and Vector Base Amplitude Panning.\\
+      It can be used with a GUI or headless (without one), depicting the
+      virtual sources, their volumes and positions, alongside which speakers
+      are currently used for rendering a selected source.
+      SSR uses TCP/IP sockets for communication and thus is not directly OSC
+      enabled. This functionality can be achieved using the capapilities of
+      other applications such as \href{http://puredata.info}{PureData}
+      \citep{website:puredata2016} in combination with it though.\\
+      Unlike the two renderers above, the SSR is not able to run large-scale
+      WFS setups, as it lacks the features to communicate between instances of
+      itself on several computers, while these instances serve a subset of the
+      available loudspeakers.
+
+  \section{Extending Sound Scape Renderer functionality}
+    The SSR, due to its diverse set of rendering engines, which are made
+    available through an extensible framework, and its clean codebase, is a
+    good candidate for future large scale WFS setups. These type of features
+    are not yet implemented though and will need testing.\\
+    Therefore I propose the implementation and testing of said feature, making
+    the SSR capable of rendering on large scale WFS setups with many nodes,
+    controlled by a master instance.\\
+    The sought implementation is inspired by the architecture of sWONDER, but
+    instead of creating many single purpose applications, the master/node
+    feature will be made available through flags to the ssr executable, when
+    starting it. This behavior is already actively harnessed eg.\ for selecting
+    one of the several rendering engines.
+    \begin{figure}[!htb]
+      \centering
+      \includegraphics[scale=0.9, trim = 31mm 190mm 24mm 8mm, clip]{ssr-networking.pdf}
+      \caption{A diagram displaying the SSR master/node setup with TCP/IP
+        socket connections over network (green lines), audio channels (red dashed
+        lines) and OSC connection (blue dashed line). Machines are indicated as red
+        dashed rectangles and connections to audio hardware as outputs of SSR
+        nodes as black lines below them.} 
+      \label{fig:ssr-networking}
+    \end{figure}
+    While the SSR already has an internal logic to know which loudspeaker will
+    be used for what virtual audio source, this will have to be extended to be
+    able to know which renderer node has to render what source on which
+    loudspeaker (see Figure~\ref{fig:ssr-networking}).
+    To achieve the above features, the SSR's messaging (and thus also settings)
+    capabilities have to be extended alongside its internal logic concerning
+    the selection of output channels (and the master to node notification
+    thereof). To introduce as little redundant code as possible, most likely a
+    ``the client knows all'' setup is desirable, in which each node knows about
+    the whole setup, but is also set to only serve its own subset of
+    loudspeakers in it. This will make sure that the rendering engine remains
+    functional also in a small scale WFS setup.\\
+    The lack of a direct OSC functionality, as provided by the two other
+    renderers, will not be problematic, as master and nodes can communicate
+    through their builtin TCP/IP sockets directly and the master can, if
+    needed, be controlled via OSC.
+
+  \section{Prelimenaries}
+    In preparation to the exposé I tried to implement a side-by-side
+    installation, using Arch Linux on a medium scale setup, facilitating the
+    WFS system of the Electronic Studio at TU Berlin. Unfortunately the
+    proprietary Dante driver, that is used in that system is very complex to be
+    built, as well as underdeveloped and thus keeps the system from being
+    easily updated, which is needed for testing purposes (finding a suitable
+    real-time, low-latency Linux kernel), trying out new software features,
+    building new software and keeping a system safe. The driver will most
+    likely require changes to the hardware due to implemention of hardware
+    branding by the vendor and dire testing before usage.\\
+    Although eventually using a proper WFS setup for testing will be necessary,
+    it is luckily not needed for implementing the features, as they can already be
+    worked out using two machines running Linux, JACK and the development version
+    of SSR.\\
+    The hardware of the large scale setup at TU Berlin in H0104 is currently
+    about to be updated and therefore a valuable candidate for testing of the
+    sought SSR features.
+
+  \section{Schedule}
+    I propose a six month schedule for the implementation and testing of the
+    changes to the source code and writing of an accompanying thesis. The
+    following rough schedule should serve as a guideline for the realization of
+    the work:\\
+    \begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|}
+      \hline
+      \multicolumn{4}{|c|}{\textbf{Schedule}}\\
+      \hline
+      \textbf{Week} & \textbf{Implementation} & \textbf{Tests} & \textbf{Thesis} \\
+      \hline
+      1 & Reading into codebase & & \\
+      \hline
+      2 & Reading into codebase & & \\
+      \hline
+      3 & Reading into codebase & & \\
+      \hline
+      4 & Reading into codebase & & \\
+      \hline
+      5 & Assessing changes & & Documentation \\
+      \hline
+      6 & Assessing changes & & Documentation \\
+      \hline
+      7 & Implementing changes & & \\
+      \hline
+      8 & Implementing changes & & \\
+      \hline
+      9 & Implementing changes & & \\
+      \hline
+      10 & Implementing changes & & \\
+      \hline
+      11 & Implementing changes & & \\
+      \hline
+      12 & Implementing changes & & \\
+      \hline
+      13 & Implementing changes & & Preparation\\
+      \hline
+      14 & Implementing changes & & Preparation\\
+      \hline
+      15 & & Small scale setup & Writing\\
+      \hline
+      16 & & Large scale setup & Writing\\
+      \hline
+      17 & & Large scale setup & Writing\\
+      \hline
+      18 & & Large scale setup & Writing\\
+      \hline
+      19 & Large scale setup (scripts) & & Writing\\
+      \hline
+      20 & Large scale setup (scripts) & & Writing\\
+      \hline
+      21 & Large scale setup (scripts) & & Writing\\
+      \hline
+      22 & & & Writing\\
+      \hline
+      23 & & & Writing\\
+      \hline
+      24 & & & Writing\\
+      \hline
+    \end{tabular}
+  \pagebreak
+  \bibliographystyle{plainnat}
+  \bibliography{bib/ssr-networking}
+\end{document}